This course aims at providing students with basic knowledge about the nature of micro-organisms, contamination sources and control in pharmaceutical industry and hospitals. Explaining the principles, properties and mode of action as well as conditions under which different agents of sterilization function, in addition to evaluating the efficiency of each sterilization process by different testing methods. Explaining the mode of action of antimicrobial agents, their spectrum of activity & possible side effects, evaluating the potency of antibiotics, preservatives and disinfectants.